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概述

pow(幂比例尺)是一种连续型比例尺,类似于线性比例尺。pow比例尺会对输入数据先进行指数级运算然后再映射到输出范围。其映射公式为:y = x ^ k

其中 k 是指数(exponent)参数,可以是任何实数。当 k = 1 时,pow比例尺即为linear(线性)比例尺。

pow比例尺特别适用于需要强调数据间相对差异的场景,例如:

  • 当数据分布呈现指数增长/衰减特征时
  • 需要放大/缩小数据间差异时
  • 数据范围很大但希望更均匀地展示时

配置项

| 属性 | 描述 | 类型 | 默认值 | 必选 | | ----------- | -------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ---- | --- | | type | 比例尺类型,需为'pow' | string | 无 | ✓ | | | domain | 定义域,表示输入数据的原始范围 | (number | string)[] | [0, 1] | | | range | 值域,表示映射后的视觉范围 | number[] | [0, 1] | | | exponent | 指数值,决定指数变换的强度 | number | 2 | | | nice | 是否需要对定义域的范围进行优化 | boolean | false | | | clamp | 是否将超出定义域的值限制在范围内 | boolean | false | | | round | 是否对输出值进行四舍五入 | boolean | false | | | tickMethod | 计算刻度方法 | (min: number, max: number, count: number) => number[] | d3Ticks | | | tickCount | 刻度数量 | number | 5 | | | interpolate | 自定义插值器,支持数字和颜色值 | (a: number | string, b: number | string) => (t: number) => number | string | 数字:线性插值;颜色:RGBA 插值 |

注意事项

  • 当 domain 包含负值时,exponent 必须为整数,否则会产生复数结果
  • 过大的 exponent 值可能导致小值之间的差异被过度压缩
  • 当 exponent=1 时,考虑使用 linear 比例尺以获得更好性能
  • tickMethod 默认使用 d3.js 的 d3Ticks 算法,它会自动生成美观易读的刻度值(如 0,5,10 而不是 0,3.33,6.66,10)
  • 当需要映射的值不合法的时候,返回unknown
  • interpolate接收两个参数(a,b)表示值域范围(数字或颜色),返回一个插值函数(t => value),其中 t∈[0,1]表示插值比例。默认实现会根据输入类型自动选择:数字:使用线性插值 y = a*(1-t) + b*t;颜色:生成一个 rgba 颜色值

示例

线性比例尺 (exponent=1)

当 exponent=1 时,pow 比例尺等同于线性比例尺。此时数据映射是线性的,适合展示均匀分布的数据。

import { Column } from '@ant-design/plots';
import React from 'react';
import { createRoot } from 'react-dom';
const Demo = () => {
const data = [
{ month: '1月', sales: 0.1 },
{ month: '2月', sales: 0.2 },
{ month: '3月', sales: 0.3 },
{ month: '4月', sales: 0.4 },
{ month: '5月', sales: 0.5 },
];
const config ={
"scale": {
"y": {
"type": "pow",
"domain": [0, 0.5],
"range": [0, 1],
"exponent": 1
}
},
"yField": "sales",
"xField": "month",
"data": data
};
return <Column {...config} />;
};
createRoot(document.getElementById('container')).render(<Demo />);

平方根比例尺 (exponent=0.5)

当数据范围很大时,可以使用 exponent < 1 的 pow 比例尺压缩数据差异。平方根比例尺适合展示数据范围大但希望更均匀分布的情况。

import { Column } from '@ant-design/plots';
import React from 'react';
import { createRoot } from 'react-dom';
const Demo = () => {
const data = [
{ city: '北京', population: 2171 },
{ city: '上海', population: 2418 },
{ city: '广州', population: 1490 },
{ city: '深圳', population: 1303 },
{ city: '杭州', population: 1000 },
{ city: '成都', population: 800 },
{ city: '天津', population: 600 },
];
const config ={
"scale": "x",
"yField": "population",
"xField": "city",
"data": data
};
return <Column {...config} />;
};
createRoot(document.getElementById('container')).render(<Demo />);

指数比例尺 (exponent=2)

当需要强调小值间的差异时,可以使用 exponent > 1 的 pow 比例尺。指数比例尺会放大小值间的差异,适合展示细微但重要的变化。

import { Column } from '@ant-design/plots';
import React from 'react';
import { createRoot } from 'react-dom';
const Demo = () => {
const data = [
{ day: '周一', rate: 0.01 },
{ day: '周二', rate: 0.02 },
{ day: '周三', rate: 0.05 },
{ day: '周四', rate: 0.1 },
{ day: '周五', rate: 0.2 },
];
const config ={
"scale": {
"y": {
"type": "pow",
"domain": [0, 0.2],
"range": [1, 0],
"exponent": 2
}
},
"yField": "rate",
"xField": "day",
"data": data
};
return <Column {...config} />;
};
createRoot(document.getElementById('container')).render(<Demo />);

自定义插值函数

import { Line } from '@ant-design/plots';
import React from 'react';
import { createRoot } from 'react-dom';
const Demo = () => {
const data = [
{ time: '2025-01', value: 0.1 },
{ time: '2025-02', value: 0.4 },
{ time: '2025-03', value: 0.9 },
];
const config ={
"scale": {
"y": {
"type": "pow",
"domain": [0, 1],
"range": [0, 1],
"exponent": 1,
"interpolate": (a, b) => (t) => a + (b - a) * t * t
}
},
"yField": "value",
"xField": "time",
"data": data
};
return <Line {...config} />;
};
createRoot(document.getElementById('container')).render(<Demo />);